The biological role of insulin

Synthesis of insulin is to promote metabolism, regulate blood sugar stability hormone.

1. Regulation of glucose metabolism in insulin-promoting organizations, cells on glucose uptake and use, to accelerate the synthesis of glucose to glycogen, stored in the liver and muscles, and inhibit gluconeogenesis, and promote glucose into fatty acids, stored in adipose tissue, resulting in blood glucose levels.

Lack of insulin, the blood glucose concentration higher than renal sugar threshold, will appear in urine sugar, causing diabetes.

2. The regulation of fat metabolism of insulin to promote the hepatic synthesis of fatty acids, and then transferred to the storage of fat cells. The role of insulin, the fat cells can be a small amount of fatty acid synthesis. Insulin also promotes glucose into the fat cells, except for the synthesis of fatty acids, it can be transformed into α-glycerophosphate, fatty acid and α-glycerophosphate formation of triglycerides, stored in fat cells and at the same time, insulin also inhibit the activity of lipase to reduce the decomposition of fat.

Lack of insulin, the emergence of fat metabolism disorders, enhanced lipolysis, elevated blood lipids and accelerate the oxidation of fatty acids in the liver to generate a large number of ketones, oxidation of fat as a result of sugar and obstacles, can not deal with ketones, resulting in ketonemia and acidosis.

3. The regulation of protein metabolism of insulin to promote the process of protein synthesis, and its role in protein synthesis in all areas: ① the promotion of amino acid transport through the membrane into the cell; ② nucleus can copy and transcription process to speed up and increase the generation of DNA and RNA; ③ the role of the ribosomes, to speed up the translation process, promoting protein synthesis; In addition, insulin may also inhibit protein breakdown and glycogen xenobiotics.

Because insulin can enhance the process of protein synthesis, so the growth of the body it also has a catalytic role, but the role of insulin alone, the role of the growth is not strong, only when the combined effect of growth hormone in order to play a significant effect.