Regulation of insulin secretion

Author: zho

The regulation of insulin secretion

1. The role of blood glucose
Regulation of blood glucose concentration of insulin secretion is the most important factor, as elevated blood glucose concentration when a marked increase in insulin secretion, thus contributing to lower blood sugar. When blood glucose levels dropped to normal levels, insulin secretion rapidly returned to basal level. Persistently high blood glucose stimulated insulin secretion can be divided into three phases: 5min with elevated blood glucose, insulin secretion by about 10-fold increase is mainly derived from B cells, the release of stored hormone, so the duration is not long, 5 -10min after the secretion of insulin will be decreased by 50%; glucose increased 15min after the second insulin secretion increased in 2-3h and reached the peak and sustained a longer period of time, the secretion rate also is much larger than the first phase, which mainly activated B cells in insulin-synthesis enzymes, and promote the synthesis and release; if continuing a week of high blood sugar, insulin secretion can be further increased as a result of prolonged high blood sugar to stimulate B cell proliferation caused by cloth.

2. The role of amino acids and fatty acids
Many amino acids have a role to stimulate insulin secretion, with the role of arginine and lysine most. Blood glucose concentration in normal blood amino acids increase insulin secretion only a slight stimulating effect, but if in the case of hyperglycemia, excessive amounts of amino acids to allow the glucose-induced insulin secretion increased doubly. Works right a significant increase in fatty acids and ketones, it can promote insulin secretion.

3. The role of hormone
The impact of the hormone insulin secretion mainly: ① gastrointestinal hormones, such as gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin and gastric inhibitory peptide has the role of promoting insulin secretion; ② growth hormone, cortisol, thyroid hormone and glucagon Su-notices can indirectly increase the concentration of glucose to stimulate insulin secretion, so the long-term high-dose application of these hormones, B cells may lead to failure and diabetes; ③ islet D cell secretion of growth suppression at least through the paracrine role of insulin and inhibition glucagon secretion, and glucagon also can directly stimulate B cells to produce insulin.

4. Neural regulation
Insulin by the vagus nerve and sympathetic innervation. Vagus nerve stimulation effect through acetylcholine receptors in M directly promote insulin secretion; vagus nerve can also stimulate the release of gastrointestinal hormones, and indirectly promote the secretion of insulin. Sympathetic excitement, then through the role of norepinephrine in the α2 receptor, inhibition of insulin secretion.